Roman Numeral Converter
100% PrivateCalculatorsConvert between Arabic numbers from 1 to 3999 and Roman numerals, both ways.
Runs entirely in your browser. Your input is not uploaded to Ovatly or anywhere else.
2026 = MMXXVI
Only canonical Roman forms are accepted: subtractive pairs are IV, IX, XL, XC, CD and CM, and no symbol repeats more than three times.
- 1Type a whole number between 1 and 3999, or a Roman numeral.
- 2The tool detects which you entered and converts it.
- 3An invalid numeral brings up an explanation instead of a wrong answer.
2026 converts to MMXXVI. The classic hard case 1994 converts to MCMXCIV: M (1000) + CM (900) + XC (90) + IV (4). Enter MCMXCIV and the tool returns 1994.
- The range is 1 to 3999, the standard limit for basic Roman notation; larger historical numbers used overline (vinculum) notation, which is not supported.
- There is no Roman numeral for zero, so 0 cannot be converted.
- Only canonical forms are accepted: V, L and D never repeat, and subtraction is limited to the six standard pairs (IV, IX, XL, XC, CD, CM).
Standard Roman notation uses subtraction to avoid four repeats: IV is 'one before five'. Some clock faces famously use IIII as a design tradition, but it is not the canonical form and this converter follows the standard.
About this tool
The Roman Numeral Converter converts in both directions between Arabic numbers (1 to 3999) and Roman numerals, with strict validation. Non-standard forms like IIII for 4 or IC for 99 are rejected rather than silently accepted, so what you get is the canonical numeral a publisher, clockmaker or stonemason would use.
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Part of Ovatly's free tools in Calculators.